@font-face {
  font-family: "DM Sans";
  src: url("/assets/fonts/dm-sans.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
}
:root {
  --paper: #fff;
  --ink: #252525;
  --muted: #555;
  --maroon: #500000;
  --rule: #d8d8d8;
  --sans: "DM Sans", Verdana, sans-serif;
  --text-body: 1.0625rem;
  --text-small: 0.9375rem;
  --text-project: 1.3125rem;
  --text-section: 1.625rem;
  --text-title: 2.125rem;
  --measure: 76ch;
  --width: 80rem;
  --gutter: 1.5rem;
  --portrait: 11.25rem;
}
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
  scroll-padding-top: 1rem;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font: 400 var(--text-body)/1.6 var(--sans);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}
a {
  color: var(--maroon);
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.0625rem;
}
a:hover {
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.125rem;
}
button,
input,
select {
  font: inherit;
  color: var(--ink);
  border: 0.0625rem solid #888;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  min-height: 2.75rem;
}
input,
select {
  font-size: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
}
button {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: var(--text-small);
}
button:disabled {
  cursor: default;
  color: var(--muted);
}
:focus-visible {
  outline: 0.1875rem solid #245b86;
  outline-offset: 0.1875rem;
}
img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
figure {
  margin: 0;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
p,
ul,
ol {
  margin: 0 0 0.875rem;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
h1 {
  font-size: var(--text-title);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
h2 {
  font-size: var(--text-section);
}
h3 {
  font-size: var(--text-project);
}
h4 {
  font-size: var(--text-body);
}
ul,
ol {
  padding-left: 1.375rem;
}
li + li {
  margin-top: 0.375rem;
}
.container,
.header-inner,
.footer-inner,
.footer-bottom {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--width);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
}
.small,
.eyebrow,
.affiliation,
.brand small,
.primary-nav,
.faculty-portrait figcaption,
figcaption,
time,
.degree span,
.text-links,
.student .email,
.project-index,
.project-refs,
.breadcrumb,
.research-subnav,
.jump-links,
.publication-filters label,
.result-count,
.publication-id,
.footer-inner,
.footer-bottom,
.figure-help,
.figure-status {
  font-size: var(--text-small);
}
.small,
.eyebrow,
.affiliation,
.muted,
figcaption,
time,
.degree span,
.institution,
.publication-meta,
.result-count,
.footer-inner p,
.footer-bottom,
.figure-help,
.figure-status {
  color: var(--muted);
}
.lead,
.prose,
.hero-lead,
.project-text,
.selected-publications,
.featured-in,
.contact-panel > div,
.split-section > :not(.section-heading) {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 0.0625rem;
  height: 0.0625rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -0.0625rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -10rem;
  left: 1rem;
  z-index: 10;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0.5rem;
}
.site-header {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-top: 0.1875rem solid var(--maroon);
  border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.875rem;
}
.brand {
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.brand small {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: normal;
}
.primary-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.25rem 1.25rem;
}
.primary-nav a {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--ink);
  padding-block: 0.625rem;
  border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid transparent;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.primary-nav a:hover,
.primary-nav a:focus-visible,
.primary-nav a[aria-current],
.primary-nav .active-section {
  color: var(--maroon);
  border-bottom-color: var(--maroon);
}
.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
}
.research-disclosure {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
  min-width: 0;
}
[data-research-toggle] {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  align-self: stretch;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  min-width: 1.75rem;
  min-height: 2.75rem;
}
.primary-nav .research-disclosure:hover > a,
.primary-nav .research-disclosure:focus-within > a {
  color: var(--maroon);
  border-bottom-color: var(--maroon);
}
.primary-nav .research-disclosure > a:hover + [data-research-toggle],
.primary-nav .research-disclosure > a:focus-visible + [data-research-toggle],
.primary-nav .research-disclosure > a[aria-current] + [data-research-toggle],
.primary-nav .research-disclosure > .active-section + [data-research-toggle],
.primary-nav .research-disclosure:hover > [data-research-toggle],
.primary-nav .research-disclosure:focus-within > [data-research-toggle] {
  color: var(--maroon);
}
.research-directions {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  list-style: none;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.research-directions li {
  margin: 0;
}
.research-directions a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}
.research-enhanced > .research-directions {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 5;
  width: 26rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 2rem);
  border: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.home-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 16rem;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
}
.home-hero > *,
.faculty-details > *,
.faculty-feature > *,
.student > *,
.news-entry > *,
.publication > * {
  min-width: 0;
}
.affiliation {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.hero-actions,
.text-links,
.cv-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem 1.5rem;
}
.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.375rem;
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  font-size: var(--text-small);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action > .button,
.home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action > [data-research-toggle] {
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  padding-block: 0.25rem;
  border: 0.0625rem solid var(--maroon);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: var(--maroon);
  color: var(--paper);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action > .button {
  padding-inline: 0.875rem 0.25rem;
}
.home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action > [data-research-toggle] {
  padding-inline: 0.25rem 0.625rem;
}
.home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action:hover > .button,
.home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action:hover > [data-research-toggle] {
  background: #3b0000;
  border-color: #3b0000;
  color: var(--paper);
}
.student-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.375rem;
  font-size: var(--text-small);
}
.faculty-portrait > img {
  width: var(--portrait);
  height: 12rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 30%;
  outline: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
  outline-offset: 0.25rem;
}
.faculty-portrait figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}
.faculty-portrait h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
}
.faculty-portrait p {
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
}
.section,
.contact-panel {
  padding: 1.75rem 0;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.split-section {
  display: block;
}
.section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.section-heading h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.section-heading p {
  margin-top: 0.375rem;
}
.topic-list {
  margin-block: 1rem;
}
.section-link {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
}
.research-areas {
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.area-link {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2rem minmax(0, 1fr) 1rem;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.area-link .index {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: var(--text-small);
}
.area-link h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
  color: var(--maroon);
}
.area-link p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.area-link:hover h3 {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.latest-news article,
.news-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 7rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-block: 0.875rem;
}
.latest-news p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
time {
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.contact-panel {
  background: var(--paper);
}
.contact-panel h2 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.education-list,
.clean-list,
.publication-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.education-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 6.5rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-block: 0.75rem;
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.degree {
  font-weight: 600;
}
.degree span,
.institution {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.faculty-details,
.past-members,
.photo-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
}
.clean-list li {
  padding-block: 0.625rem;
  border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
  margin: 0;
}
.faculty-details h3 {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}
.text-links {
  margin-block: 0.75rem;
}
.page-heading {
  padding: 1.75rem 0;
}
.page-heading .lead {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.faculty-feature,
.student {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: var(--portrait) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.faculty-feature > div:last-child {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.faculty-feature img,
.student-photo img {
  width: var(--portrait);
}
.student {
  padding-block: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.student h4 {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.photo-grid figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.cv-document {
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.cv-document p {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.cv-note {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.research-context,
.project {
  display: block;
}
.research-context h2:not(:first-child) {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
.research-theme {
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.project-collaborators {
  margin-block: 1rem;
}
.project-publications h4 {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}
.research-publications > li + li {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.research-publications p {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.publication-notes,
.citation-notes {
  margin-block: 0.5rem 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: var(--text-body);
  border-left: 0.125rem solid var(--maroon);
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
}
.scientific-figure {
  margin-block: 1.25rem;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.scientific-figure > a {
  display: block;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-inline: auto;
}
.scientific-figure img {
  width: var(--image-width);
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
.scientific-figure figcaption {
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
  margin-top: 0.625rem;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.scientific-figure figcaption > a {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.featured-in {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
.project-index {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.625rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.project-index a {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.625rem;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.project-index .project-number {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow-wrap: normal;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.project-index .project-title {
  min-width: 0;
  white-space: normal;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.project {
  padding-block: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.project-refs {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.project-refs a {
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.breadcrumb,
.research-subnav,
.jump-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
}
.breadcrumb {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}
.research-subnav,
.jump-links {
  padding-block: 0.875rem;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.research-subnav a[aria-current] {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.overview-figure {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.news-timeline {
  padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.news-year {
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.news-entry {
  border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.news-entry p {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.news-photos {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.news-photos a {
  flex: 0 1 32rem;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.publication-filters {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr) auto;
  align-items: end;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-block: 1rem;
}
.publication-filters label {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
}
.publication-group {
  padding-block: 1.5rem;
}
.publication {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-block: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.publication-id {
  font-weight: 600;
}
.publication article {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.publication h3 a {
  color: var(--ink);
}
.publication p {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.advisee {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.15em;
}
.publication-alias {
  position: absolute;
}
.empty-state {
  padding-block: 1.5rem;
  border-block: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.site-footer {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.footer-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding-block: 1.5rem;
}
.footer-brand {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.footer-inner p {
  margin-block: 0.5rem;
}
.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.875rem;
  border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
/* Zoom changes image layout, not a transform, so every corner stays scrollable. */
.figure-viewer {
  width: calc(100% - 2rem);
  max-width: var(--width);
  height: calc(100dvh - 2rem);
  max-height: 54rem;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 1rem;
  border: 0.0625rem solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  overflow: auto;
}
.figure-viewer[open] {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto auto auto minmax(8rem, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 0.625rem;
}
.figure-viewer::backdrop {
  background: rgb(0 0 0 / 45%);
}
.figure-header,
.figure-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
}
.figure-header {
  align-items: start;
}
.figure-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.figure-header button {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.figure-toolbar,
.figure-scales {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.figure-toolbar a {
  font-size: var(--text-small);
}
.figure-toolbar button[aria-pressed="true"] {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: #f1f1f1;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.figure-help,
.figure-status {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.figure-scroll {
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  border: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
}
.figure-scroll img {
  max-width: none;
  height: auto;
}
@media (max-width: 800px) {
  :root {
    --text-title: 1.8125rem;
    --gutter: 1rem;
  }
  .primary-nav {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .primary-nav .research-disclosure {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .research-enhanced > .research-directions {
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .research-action {
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .has-menu .menu-toggle {
    display: block;
  }
  .has-menu .primary-nav {
    display: none;
  }
  .has-menu.nav-open .primary-nav {
    display: flex;
    border-top: 0.0625rem solid var(--rule);
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
  }
  .home-hero {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 12rem;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  .faculty-details,
  .past-members,
  .photo-grid,
  .project-index,
  .footer-inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .publication-filters {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
  .publication-filters > div:first-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }
  .footer-links {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  :root {
    --portrait: 9rem;
  }
  .home-hero,
  .faculty-feature,
  .student {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .faculty-portrait {
    --portrait: 6rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: var(--portrait) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .faculty-portrait > img {
    height: 7rem;
  }
  .faculty-portrait figcaption {
    margin-top: 0;
  }
  .faculty-portrait h2 {
    font-size: var(--text-project);
  }
  .area-link {
    gap: 0.625rem;
    grid-template-columns: 1.5rem minmax(0, 1fr) 1rem;
  }
  .latest-news article,
  .news-entry,
  .publication {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 0.375rem;
  }
  .education-list li {
    grid-template-columns: 5rem minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  .publication-filters {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .figure-viewer {
    width: calc(100% - 1rem);
    height: calc(100dvh - 1rem);
    padding: 0.75rem;
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}
@media print {
  body {
    color: #000;
    overflow: visible !important;
  }
  .site-header,
  .site-footer,
  .research-directions,
  [data-research-toggle],
  .skip-link,
  .publication-filters,
  .result-count,
  .empty-state,
  .jump-links,
  .project-index,
  .research-subnav,
  .figure-viewer {
    display: none !important;
  }
  .container {
    max-width: none;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .section,
  .project,
  .contact-panel {
    padding-block: 1rem;
  }
  .publication[hidden] {
    display: grid !important;
  }
  .publication-group[hidden] {
    display: block !important;
  }
  .scientific-figure,
  .publication,
  .student {
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
  h2,
  h3 {
    break-after: avoid;
  }
  a {
    color: #000;
  }
  /* Match hover specificity even when print backgrounds are disabled. */
  .home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action > .button,
  .home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action > [data-research-toggle],
  .home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action:hover > .button,
  .home-hero .hero-actions > .research-action:hover > [data-research-toggle] {
    color: #000;
    background: none;
    border-color: #000;
  }
}